A semiconductor is a material with electrical conductivity between that of a conductor (like copper) and an insulator (like glass). Semiconductors are the foundation of modern electronics, used in devices such as microchips, transistors, and diodes.
Key Properties of Semiconductors:
- Variable Conductivity—Their electrical properties can be modified by adding impurities
     (doping) or by applying electric fields.
- Energy Band Structure—Semiconductors have a small bandgap, which allows them to control
     electrical flow.
- Temperature Sensitivity—Their conductivity increases with temperature,
     unlike metals.
Types of Semiconductors:
- Intrinsic Semiconductors—Pure semiconductors (e.g., silicon, germanium)
     without impurities.
- Extrinsic semiconductors—doped with impurities to improve conductivity. These
     include:
Ø  N-Type Semiconductors
(Negative charge carriers - electrons)
Ø  P-Type Semiconductors
(Positive charge carriers - holes)
Applications of
Semiconductors:
- Microprocessors & Memory Chips—Found in computers, smartphones, and AI systems.
- Transistors—fundamental building blocks of electronic circuits.
- LEDs & Lasers—Used in lighting and communication technologies.
- Solar Cells—Convert sunlight into electricity using semiconductor materials.
- Sensors & Medical Devices—Used in imaging, diagnostics, and automation.
Semiconductor Manufacturing Machines 
YES commenced operations at its
state-of-the-art Sulur facility in September 2024. This facility is integral to
YES's strategic expansion, aiming to efficiently serve its global customers'
operations in India and beyond. Equipped with cutting-edge technology, the
facility is designed to meet the growing demand for YES's innovative solutions,
including VertaCure™, Verotherm™, and VeroFlex™ systems for advanced wafer and
panel-level packaging applications. 
The establishment of this facility
aligns with Tamil Nadu's vision to develop Coimbatore into a global
semiconductor capital equipment capability center. The state offers an
excellent business climate, a well-regarded education system, and a talented
workforce, benefiting both YES and the broader semiconductor ecosystem. In August 2024, YES
signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Government of Tamil Nadu to
set up this manufacturing and new product development facility. The company is committed to investing ₹150 crore over the next 10 years and plans to employ
approximately 300 people directly, with 200 positions expected to be filled
within the first five years. Additionally, YES anticipates generating around
1,200 indirect jobs through its suppliers and contract manufacturers. 
New Updates
Yield Engineering Systems (YES) has
recently achieved a significant milestone in its Coimbatore operations. In
March 2025, the company announced the shipment of its first commercial
VeroTherm Formic Acid Reflow tool from its Sulur, Coimbatore facility to a
leading global semiconductor manufacturer. This marks the first equipment
produced in India for advanced semiconductor applications like High Bandwidth
Memory (HBM), essential for AI and High-Performance Computing (HPC) worldwide. 
Conclusion
This development signifies a remarkable
advancement for India's semiconductor industry, contributing to the creation of
a robust and self-reliant semiconductor ecosystem in the region.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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